tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-14861151233167725272024-03-05T05:15:40.280-08:00My Spanish TrainerYour Online Spanish ResourceJoel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.comBlogger213125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-81179352555532884992023-08-17T19:13:00.049-07:002023-08-17T19:32:19.002-07:00Using "¿qué? and ¿cuál? in interrogative sentences; You know them better as "questions".<p>Both <b>¿qué?</b> and <b>¿cuál?</b> mean "what?" in English, but the verbs in Spanish change depending on where they are used. "<b>cuál</b>" comes before the verb <b>ser</b> for the most part, or it comes before a posted selection. If before a posted selection, it takes the meaning of the English "which?". </p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Cuál <u>fue</u> la mejor parte de la película?</b> <i>What was the best part of the movie?</i></p><p><b>¿Cuál <u>es</u> el día de hoy?</b> <i>What is today's date?, What's today?, or What day is it?</i></p><p><b>¿Cuál vestido quieres usar, el azul o el blanco? </b><i>What (which) dress do you want to wear, the blue or white one?</i></p><p><i><br /></i></p><p>When we want to refer to several objects, we use <b>¿cuales?</b>. Since the penultimate syllable is naturally accented here, we drop the diacritical mark, and make <b>ser</b> the third person plural conjugation:</p><p><b>¿Cuales <u>son</u> los restaurantes que a ti te gustan más? </b><i>What are the restaurants that you enjoy the most? </i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Qué </b>is used for only specific grammar utterances when meaning <i>what?</i> We use <b>qué</b> when telling time, saying the date, referring to a specific noun, or asking the general definition of something. Observe, por favor: </p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Qué hora es? </b> <i>What time is it?</i></p><p><b>¿Qué mochila es la tuya? </b><i>What backpack is yours?</i></p><p><b>¿Qué quieres hacer hoy?</b> <i>What do you want to do today?</i></p><p><b>¿Qué es Mazatlán? </b><b>¿Es el nombre de una ciudad?</b><i> What's Mazatlan? Is that the name of a city? </i></p><p><br /></p><p>When you're astounded by something, and you're like "What the heck is that?", you simply use the neuter form of a demonstrative adjective, <b>eso </b>or <b>esos</b>. Notice that this is emphatically done before the verb <b>ser</b>, unlike previously. </p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b>¿Qué es eso? </b><i>What is that? </i></p><p><b>¿Qué son esos?</b><i> What are those? </i></p><p><i><br /></i></p><p>Ojalá que te ayude, </p><p>Profesor Joel</p><p><i><br /></i></p><p><br /></p>Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-84543589675082236072023-05-03T15:02:00.004-07:002023-05-03T15:05:46.630-07:00A Simple Approach to Asking Questions in Spanish<p> You might think that this is a no-brainer. Asking a question in Spanish is like asking a question in English, except there is an inverted question mark at the beginning of the sentence. Yes, that is how a question (or, interrogative statement if you want to get technical) is indeed written, yet the way of forming a question in Spanish is much more in the spoken voice. </p><p>In English, we also use our voice to express a question, by a slight inflection at the very end of the question, along with interrogative quiz words like Is", Are? and the 6 other interrogative words we learned in elementary school: who, what, when, where, why, and how. </p><p>Spanish requires the same kind of pattern. However, there is much more emphasis placed on the final syllables. It also contains the following interrogatives: </p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Quién?,</b> <i>or plural</i> <b>¿Quiénes? </b> <i>Who?</i></p><p><b>¿Quiénes son esas muchachas?</b> <i>Who are those girls?</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Qué? </b> What?</p><p><b>¿Qué es paella? ¿Un plato español? </b> <i>What is paella? A Spanish dish?</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Cuál? </b><i>or plural</i> <b>¿Cuáles? </b>- <i>Which? or Which ones?</i></p><p><b>¿Cuál es el celular suyo?</b> <i>Which cell phone is yours?</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Cómo?</b> <i>How?</i></p><p><b>¿Cómo llegaste al aeropuerto? ¿Por taxi?</b> <i>How did you get to the airport? By taxi?</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Por qué? </b><i>Why?</i></p><p><b>¿Por qué quieres romper con Ashley?</b> <i>Why do you want to break up with Ashley?</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Cuándo? </b><i>When?</i></p><p><b>¿Cuándo es la fiesta?</b> <i>When is the party?</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Dónde?</b> <i>Where?</i></p><p><b>¿Dónde está Caracas?</b> <i>Where is Caracas?</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>¿Adónde? </b> <i>Where? (when inquiring as to destination) </i></p><p><b>¿Adónde vas?</b> <i>Where are you going to?</i></p><p><br /></p><p>Hope this helps!</p><p>Joel</p>Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-30042957224919616592022-04-16T18:17:00.000-07:002022-04-16T18:17:10.641-07:00Imperfecto del Subjuntivo (Imperfect Subjunctive Tense)<p>¡Buenos! </p><p>Hey, if you thought that using the subjunctive in the present tense of Spanish was a pain, get ready to cut your teeth on the use of the subjunctive in the past tense. Yes, it is really a thing. In English, for example, we state in the present tense:</p><p style="text-align: center;">I <u>want</u> you to clean the kitchen. </p><p>This can also be expressed in the past tense: </p><p style="text-align: center;">I <u>wanted</u> you to clean the kitchen. </p><p>English makes it easy in that the only verb changed to the preterit (past) tense is the subject (independent) clause of the sentence. The subjunctive verb in the predicate (dependent) clause doesn't change at all, and this is pretty universal in English. In Spanish, however, we are taxed with using an entirely different conjugation set for verbs in the dependent clause of a past tense sentence. This is what is known as the imperfecto del subjuntivo, or the imperfect subjunctive tense. </p><p>Let's look at a basic sentence in the present tense in Spanish that employs the subjunctive:</p><p style="text-align: center;">Yo quiero que tú limpies la cocina. I want you to clean the kitchen. </p><p>Notice that the contractive "que" is utilized here to join both the independent (indicative) and the dependent (subjunctive) clauses. It is easier for an English speaker to understand the subjunctive by rephrasing the above example like this: </p><p style="text-align: center;">I want THAT you clean the kitchen. </p><p>In this manner, you can see how the first part (I want...) is indicative, in that, it is based in reality, and the second part (...you clean the kitchen) is not based in reality. </p><p>Now that we're done with that review of present-tense subjunctive, let's look at the imperfect subjunctive, which is just the same sentence taking place in the past. To do this, we must conjugate the dependent (subjunctive) verb in an entirely different manner. In order to do this, the first step is to recall the preterit tense 3rd person plural indicative. We'll continue to use the above example to develop our understanding of this grammar topic. So, the verb we want to convert to the imperfect subjunctive is limpiar (to clean). </p><p>The preterit tense third person plural indicative is limpiaron. Next, we are going to drop the suffix of this conjugation, which is -aron. We are left with the root upon which we will build: </p><p style="text-align: center;">limpi-</p><p>Then, we will add whichever of the modified suffices that follows, depending on the subject used and the intended meaning of the sentence. Observe: </p><p style="text-align: center;">yo: -ara</p><p style="text-align: center;">tú: -aras</p><p style="text-align: center;">él/ella/Ud.: -ara</p><p style="text-align: center;">nosotros/-as: -áramos</p><p style="text-align: center;">vosotros/-as: -arais</p><p style="text-align: center;">ellos/ellas/Uds.: -aran</p><p>So, ultimately we can then create sentences using all of the conjugation. Notice how the independent clause is in the imperfect or the past tense in order to necessitate the imperfect subjunctive. You will also notice that, in order to maintain the penultimate stressed syllable, the nosotros form carries an accent with it:</p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;">Ella quería que yo limpiara la cocina. She wanted me to clean the kitchen. or She wanted that I clean the kitchen. </p><p style="text-align: center;">Yo quería que tú limpiaras la cocina. I wanted you to clean the kitchen. </p><p style="text-align: center;">Mi madre quería que mi hermano limpiara la cocina. My mom wanted my brother to clean the kitchen.</p><p style="text-align: center;">Ellos querían que limpiáramos la cocina. They wanted us to clean the kitchen.</p><p style="text-align: center;">Yo quería que vosotros limpiarais la cocina. I wanted you all to clean the kitchen.</p><p style="text-align: center;">El jefe quería que ellos limpiaran la cocina. The boss wanted them to clean the kitchen. </p><p><br /></p><p>The above example shows how an -ar verb changes to form the imperfect subjunctive, but the good news is that the same conjugation applies to -er/-ir verbs even for irregular and special-case verbs. Instead of dropping the -aron, though, drop the -eron, and finally, add the following: </p><p style="text-align: center;">yo: -era</p><p style="text-align: center;">tú: -eras</p><p style="text-align: center;">él/ella/Ud.: -era</p><p style="text-align: center;">nosotros: -éramos</p><p style="text-align: center;">vosotros: -erais</p><p style="text-align: center;">ellos/ellas/Uds.: -eran</p><p style="text-align: left;">For the verb hacer (to do, to make), the conjugation is arrived at like this: </p><p style="text-align: center;">hacer</p><p style="text-align: center;">3rd person plural preterit: hicieron</p><p style="text-align: center;">hici-</p><p style="text-align: center;">yo: hiciera</p><p style="text-align: center;">tú: hicieras</p><p style="text-align: center;">él/ella/Ud.: hiciera</p><p style="text-align: center;">nosotros: hiciéramos</p><p style="text-align: center;">vosotros: hicierais</p><p style="text-align: center;">ellos/ellas/Uds.: hicieran</p><p style="text-align: center;">El profesor nos dijo que hiciéramos el proyecto. The professor told us to do the project.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p>Here's the -ir verb, pedir (to ask for):</p><p style="text-align: center;">pedir</p><p style="text-align: center;">pidieron</p><p style="text-align: center;">pidi-</p><p style="text-align: center;">yo: pidiera</p><p style="text-align: center;">tú: pidieras</p><p style="text-align: center;">él/ella/Ud.: pidiera</p><p style="text-align: center;">nosotros: pidiéramos</p><p style="text-align: center;">vosotros: pidierais</p><p style="text-align: center;">ellos/ellas/Uds.: pidieran</p><p style="text-align: center;">Mi esposa me recomendó que le pidiera al mesero una servilleta. My wife recommended to me that I ask the waiter for a napkin. </p><p style="text-align: left;">Did you know?! There is an alternative, albeit rarely used conjugation for the imperfect subjunctive. However, we'll broach that one in the next blog. ¡Buena suerte con tus estudios! </p>Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-64627745767861314632020-12-08T09:18:00.001-08:002020-12-08T09:18:13.004-08:00Spanish Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases (Part 1)<p>Part 1 - Simple Prepositions</p><p>I had a Spanish teacher in high school who once told me, "A preposition is anything a monkey and a tree can do with each other." Took me awhile to figure it out, but I got the gist after I bit my teeth on several years of University level grammar in the years that followed. A preposition is a phrase that we use to suggest an object is related to some sort of a grammatical unit, like "on" the table, or "with" the teacher. You are already familiar with one of the most known Spanish prepositions, de (of, from). </p><p>There are many prepositions in English, perhaps hundreds. Here is a list of commonly used ones, along with their Spanish equivalents. Here they are, along with their Spanish equivalents. Examples follow the chart: </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvpPDYmcD4GqUeQoyhN3BJ9KSZ2G7Zden4CwaDa0HHEAd23aN_HFUhjgZb50kwRtLHs_sbCWa6Asn_ngIZLVgVziNHZuWUBQzGyY_qBtHyRYUk469RmgHpmVxVwIiYuc-ceLv9C2YLEZ8/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="232" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvpPDYmcD4GqUeQoyhN3BJ9KSZ2G7Zden4CwaDa0HHEAd23aN_HFUhjgZb50kwRtLHs_sbCWa6Asn_ngIZLVgVziNHZuWUBQzGyY_qBtHyRYUk469RmgHpmVxVwIiYuc-ceLv9C2YLEZ8/" width="173" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Please note that there are over 150 prepositions in the English language, so this list isn't all-encompassing. It is just a small sample of the most commonly used ones. Here are some example sentences, with the preposition underlined: </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Mi hermano está <u>en</u> el baño.</b> <i>My brother is <u>in</u> the bathroom. </i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Estoy <u>en</u> el mercado.</b> <i> I am <u>at</u> the market. </i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>El libro está <u>encima de</u>l pupitre. </b> <i>The book is <u>on</u> the desk. </i> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>La novela es <u>por</u> Gabriel García Márquez.</b> <i>The novel is <u>by</u> Gabriel García Márquez. </i> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Venezuela está <u>cerca de</u> Colombia.</b> <i>Venezuela is <u>near</u> Colombia. </i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Los restaurantes están <u>a lo largo de</u> la calle principal.</b> <i>The restaurants are <u>along</u> the main street. </i> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>México está <u>através del</u> Río Grande. </b> <i>Mexico is <u>across</u> the Rio Grande. </i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Alaska está <u>lejos de</u> Florida. </b> <i>Alaska is <u>far from</u> Florida. </i> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><u>Al lado de</u>l edificio hay un buzón.</b> <i>There is a mailbox <u>next to</u> the building. </i></div><br /><br /></div><br />Hope this lesson helps! Next is Part 2 - Prepositional phrases. I know you're excited about that one!! <div><br /><p></p><p><br /></p></div>Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-82421023968185652322020-12-02T11:35:00.000-08:002020-12-02T11:35:01.540-08:00Using Ser and Estar: Different Meanings Depending on Verb Used<p>Both verbs <b>ser</b> and <b>estar</b> mean "<i>to be</i>" and are an integral part of the Spanish language. After all, we use the verbs "<i>is</i>" and "<i>are</i>" frequently in the English language, as well. The difference between both languages is that we only use one verb versus the two for Spanish. </p><p>While we only need to use one verb in English, some sentences in Spanish change meaning depending on whether <b>ser</b> or <b>estar</b> is used. Here is a list of important differences in Spanish. While this list is not all-inclusive, it does include the vast majority of the commonly used phrases that change depending on whether or not <b>ser</b> or <b>estar </b>is used: </p><p><b>Yo soy listo.</b> <i>I am clever. </i> </p><p><b>Yo estoy listo. </b> <i>I am ready (prepared). </i> </p><p><br /></p><p><b>La manzana está verde. </b> <i>The apple isn't ripe (unfit to eat). </i></p><p><b>La tortuga es verde. </b> <i>The turtle is green. </i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Bill Gates es muy rico. </b><i> Bill Gates is very rich. </i></p><p><b>El mole está muy rico.</b> <i>The mole is very tasty/delicious. </i> </p><p><br /></p><p><b>El Honda nuevo es muy seguro. </b> <i>The new Honda is very safe. </i></p><p><b>¿Estás seguro que el jefe no viene hoy? </b><i>Are you certain that the boss isn't coming today? </i> </p><p><br /></p><p><b>El niño es muy malo.</b> <i>The kid is very bad (he's a bad kid). </i></p><p><b>Jaime no se siente bien.</b> <i>Está muy malo hoy. Jaime doesn't feel very well. He is very sick today. </i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>La profesora es muy aburrida. </b> <i>The professor is very boring (is a boring person). </i></p><p><b>Estoy aburrido. Vámonos a hacer algo.</b> <i>I am bored. Let's go do something. </i></p><p><br /></p><p>Hope this helps. ¡Ojalá te ayude! </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-37079990640010013692020-11-22T18:54:00.006-08:002020-11-22T19:01:26.650-08:00Common Mexican Spanish Greetings and Phrases<p> ¿Qué onda pues? If you're reading this, you must really want to know some Spanish phrases that are found in Northern México, or parts of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. These phrases can be commonly heard during greetings, good-byes, as well as during normal conversation as "filler". I've traveled to México many times, and I also have a lot of friends and acquaintances that commonly use these terms. ¡Disfruten!</p><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">Everyday Greetings for Close Friends and/or Family</span></b></p><p><b>¿Qué onda?</b> <i>What's up? </i></p><p><b>¿Qué onda pues?</b> <i>What's up dude?</i></p><p><b>¿Qué hubo?</b> <i>What's up?</i> </p><p><b>¿Qué onda guey?</b> <i>What's up $%^#? (The term <b>guey</b>, pronounced like the English "way", can be potentially offensive. Generally, just refer to close pals with this one.)</i></p><p><i> </i></p><p><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">Daily Expressions and Conversation</span></b></p><p><b>¿Cuánto cuesta? </b> <i>How much does this cost?</i></p><p><b>¿Hay mucho?</b> <i> Busy? </i> </p><p><b>¿Aquí está el señor/la señora ____?<i> </i></b><i> Is Mr. or Mrs. ___, here? </i></p><p><b>¿Por aquí está el OXXO?</b> <i>Is OXXO around here? (*OXXO is like a 7-11 here in the States.)</i></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>Common Goodbyes</b></span></p><p><b>¡Qué tenga buen día! </b> <i>Have a great day!</i></p><p><b>¡Qué tenga buena tarde!</b> <i>Have a great afternoon!</i></p><p><b>¡Que tenga buena noche!</b> <i>Have a great night! </i></p><p><b>¡Qué le pase bien!</b> <i>Hope you have a good time! </i></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-106164867626248672020-11-16T09:43:00.000-08:002020-11-16T09:43:02.469-08:00The Future Perfect<p>¡Hola alumnos! Espero que estén bien. Aquí está una lección sobre el uso del futuro perfecto, un tiempo verbal complejo que significa en inglés "will have done something". </p><p>The future perfect is used to tell a listener that by the time something has been done, something else will already have occurred. Let's see what we mean by that. It's already assumed that you know how to create the future tense of a verb (in this case, and since it's a complex perfect form, the auxiliary verb <b>haber</b>). Let's accompany these example verb phrases with <b>hacer</b> (<i>to do, to make</i>). </p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>yo habré hecho</b> <i>I will have done / I will have made</i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>tú habrás hecho</b> <i>you will have done / you will have made</i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>él/ella/Ud. habrá hecho</b> <i>he/she/you(formal) will have done / will have made </i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>nosotros/-as habremos hecho</b> <i>we will have done / will have made</i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>vosotros/-as habréis hecho</b> <i>you(informal, plural) will have done / will have made</i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>ellos/ellas/Uds. habrán hecho</b> <i>they, you will have done / will have made </i></p><p><br /></p><p>So now that you know how these complex verb phrases are implemented, let's look at some examples. </p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b>Para el año 2021, me habré graduado desde la Universidad de Toronto. </b><i>By the year 2021, I will have graduated from the University of Toronto. </i></p><p><b>Cuando llegues a la fiesta, Marisa ya habrá tomado muchas copas de vino.</b> <i>Whenever you get to the party, Marisa will already have had a lot of glasses of wine. </i></p><p><b>En diez años nosotros habremos vendido la casa.</b> <i>In ten years, we will have sold the house. </i></p><p><b>Para las ocho y media de la noche, Rebeca y Agustín se habrán ido.</b> <i>By 8:30 PM, Rebeca and Agustín will have left. </i></p><p><br /></p><p>You will notice that in the conjugation of <b>haber</b>, only the <b>nosotros</b> form does NOT carry an accent. This isn't a surprise because it is conjugated in the future form. </p><p>¡Espero que esto ayude! </p><p>Joel </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-2923446202766623782018-09-14T09:21:00.000-07:002018-09-14T09:21:11.045-07:00The Difference Between "Cuál" and "Qué"Although "<b>cuál</b>" and "<b>qué</b>" mean roughly the same thing ("<i>what</i>"), they can't be used interchangeably. <div>
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The main difference is that "<b>cuál</b>" also means "<i>which</i>", or "<i>which one</i>", when faced with a selection or a list; however, it means "<i>what</i>" when the verb <b>ser</b> follows. </div>
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"<b>Qué</b>" means an interrogative "<i>what</i>" when asking for a definition of something, or posing a question if the verb <b>ser</b> doesn't follow. HOWEVER, when you are asking what the definition of a word is, or what an object is that is unknown, you use the interrogative <b>qué</b>.</div>
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It might sound complicated, but you'll see a pattern! Let's look at some examples.</div>
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Using <b>cuál</b>, when posing a list or selection: </div>
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<b>¿Cuál prefieres, la camiseta azul o la blanca? </b><i>Which do you prefer, the blue shirt or the white? </i> </div>
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<div>
Using <b>cuál</b>, when it means "<i>what</i>" (noticed it's followed by the verb <b>ser</b>):</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>¿Cuál es la capital de Bolivia?</b> <i>What is the capital of Bolivia? </i></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Using <b>qué,</b> when asking a question:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>¿Qué quieres? </b> <i>What do you want?</i></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Following <b>qué </b>with <b>ser,</b> when begging the meaning of a word, object, or abstract thought: </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>¿Qué es una bodega? </b> <i>What is a bodega? </i></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
A final note: some advanced Spanish speakers might wonder why the accent falls on the monosyllabic words when they aren't needed according to the rules of Spanish diacritical marks. Well, they are an exception according to the Real Academia Española, the governing body of the Spanish language throughout the world. Not only do they distinguish themselves as question starters, they also need to be differentiated from other uses of the aforementioned words. For example, we use non-accented <b>que </b>in subjunctive clauses: </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Necesito <u>que</u> pongas la mesa.</b> <i>I need you to set the table.</i></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-72682151938778673832018-09-02T08:42:00.002-07:002018-09-02T08:47:25.747-07:00La Diferencia Entre "Deber" y "Deber de"One of the most common mistakes in the usage of Spanish grammar, for not just Spanish language learners but for native speakers as well, is the mistake of using <b>deber</b> instead of <b>deber de</b>, or vice versa. Hopefully this brief lesson sheds some light on the whole mess for you. <br />
<br />
I'm going to go ahead and assume that you have your verb charts handy and/or memorized so you are familiar with the conjugation of this verb (which is regular <b>-er</b> in all tenses and moods).<br />
<br />
The difference is that <b>deber </b>+ infinitive indicates obligation/necessity to do something, whereas <b>deber de </b>+ infinitive indicates a probability of something occurring with a sense of definiteness ("must be", "probably are"). Let's look at some examples. First, <b>deber</b> + infinitive (which is very similar to <b>tener que </b>+ infinitive (to have to)) is constructed like this: <br />
<br />
<b>Debo lavar mi carro</b>. <i>I should/need to/have to/must wash my car. </i><br />
<br />
<b>Emilia debe pasar la aspiradora.</b> <i>Emilia should/needs to/has to/must vacuum. </i><br />
<br />
<b>Tú debes prepararte para la prueba</b>. <i>You should/need to/have to/must get prepared for the quiz.</i><br />
<br />
<b>Nosotros debemos apagar las luces</b>. <i>We should/need to/have to/must turn out the lights.</i><br />
<br />
<b>Vosotros debéis manejar a Toluca</b>. <i>You all should/need to/have to/must drive to Toluca. </i><br />
<br />
<b>Los empleados deben llegar a tiempo</b>. <i>The employees should/need to/have to/must arrive on time. </i><br />
<br />
You'll notice in the aforementioned examples that each use of <b>deber </b>could very easily be replaced by the more common <b>tener que</b>. The use of <b>deber </b>is slightly more aligned with the meaning of "should" or "ought to", but it still implies a sense of duty or obligation. <br />
<br />
Let's now switch gears and check out <b>deber de</b> + infinitive. This verb structure indicates a sense of probability of something occuring. While it seems a minor difference with a simple addition of <b>de</b>, it is still a very common mistake for intermediate to advanced Spanish learners, as well as for native speakers alike. Although the difference seems miniscule, it completely changes the meaning of the sentence. <br />
<br />
<b>Debo de saber la diferencia entre los verbos</b>. <i>I probably/must know the difference between the verbs.</i><br />
<br />
<b>Debes de estar confundido</b>. <i>You probably are/must be confused.</i> <br />
<br />
<b>Juanito debe de estar trabajando</b>. <i>Juanito is probably/must be working. </i><br />
<br />
<b>Nosotras debemos de estar locas</b>. <i>We probably are/must be crazy. </i><br />
<br />
<b>Tu novia y tú debéis de estar enamorados</b>. <i>You and your girlfriend probably are/must be in love. </i><br />
<br />
<b>Ellos deben de estar dormidos</b>. <i>They probably are/must be asleep. </i><br />
<br />
So in essence, if we take the verb conocer and apply it to both constructions, we can immediately see the difference in meaning of both utilizations:<br />
<br />
<b>Debemos conocer Barcelona</b>. <i>We should/ought to/must/have to be familiar with Barcelona.</i> <br />
<br />
<b>Debemos de conocer Barcelona</b>. <i>We probably are/must be familiar with Barcelona. </i><br />
<br />
Ojalá que esta lección te ayudara...<br />
<br />
Profesor Joel<br />
<br />
<br />Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-5236512716299305922017-04-10T23:33:00.002-07:002017-04-10T23:33:27.307-07:00Using the Subjunctive - Irregular Present Tense<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">There are
only a couple of verbs that are irregular in the present tense
subjunctive. If you recall, the opposite
vowel suffix substitutes for the first person singular suffix from the present
tense indicative (namely, the </span><b style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">–o</b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">). However, there are a couple of verbs that
don’t fit neatly into this process. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Verbs whose
first person singular conjugation end in <b>–y</b>,
such as <b>estar</b> (<b>estoy</b>), <b>ser</b> (<b>soy</b>), and <b>dar</b> (<b>doy</b>), all have
irregular conjugations:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">estar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
be</i>) </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Quieren que yo <u>esté</u>
en la fiesta.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>They
want me to be at the party.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que vosotros no <u>estéis</u>
en casa.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I hope
that you all are not at home.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellos desean que
estemos en el cine.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>They
want us to be at the theater.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que tú <u>estés</u>
en la reunion.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I need
you to be at the meeting.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">No puedo creer que <u>estén</u>
aquí Uds.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I can’t
believe that you all are here.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ser </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to be)</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi amigo espera que yo <u>sea</u>
paciente.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
My friend hopes that I am patient.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que tú <u>seas</u>
paciente.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I need you to be patient.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dicen que <u>seamos</u>
amables.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
They tell us to be friendly.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que <u>seáis</u>
puntuales.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I hope that you all are punctual.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sugiero que <u>sean</u>
simpáticos.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I suggest that you all be nice.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dar </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to give)</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que me <u>des</u>
el informe.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I need you to give me the report.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellos quieren que yo
les <u>dé</u> el informe.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
They want me to give them the report.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El profesor pide que le
<u>demos</u> nuestros ensayos.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
The professor asks us to give him our essays.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que vosotros
me <u>deis</u> vuestros papeles. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I need you all to give me your papers.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que Uds. me <u>den</u>
la tarea a tiempo.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I hope you all give me the homework on time.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ir</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (to go)</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi madre necesita que
yo <u>vaya</u> a la tienda.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
My mother needs me to go to the store.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que tú <u>vayas
</u>a la escuela conmigo.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I need you to go to the school with me.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ella necesita que <u>vayamos</u>
a la librería. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> She needs us to go to the bookstore.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prefiero que vosotros <u>vayáis</u>
inmediatamente.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I prefer you all go immediately.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que ellos <u>vayan</u>
al aeropuerto ahora mismo. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> I hope they go to the airport right now.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The verb<b> saber </b>(<i>to know</i>) also exhibits an irregular subjunctive conjugation: </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">No creo que él sepa la
respuesta.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I don’t
believe that he knows the answer.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que sepas la
materia.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I need you to know the subject.</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El profesor exige que
sepamos las respuestas.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The professor demands that we know the answers.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">La maestra espera que
sepáis las datos.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
teacher hopes that you all know the facts.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sugerimos que Uds.
sepan escribir bien.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>We
suggest that you know how to write well.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The verb <b>caber</b> (<i>to fit</i>) is highly irregular (the <b>yo</b> form is <b>quepo</b>):</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que la falda me
quepa.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I hope
that the skirt fits me.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Esperamos que los
zapatos te quepan.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>We hope
that the shoes fit you.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que te quepas en
el carro chico.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I hope
that you fit in the small car.</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dudo que nos quepamos
en ese carro.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I doubt that we’ll fit in that car.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span>Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-80119025362038087572015-12-12T11:41:00.000-08:002015-12-12T11:41:35.844-08:00<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Puntos de Partida - Cómo conocer a alguien y empezar la conversación</span></span><br />
<br />
Hay muchas preguntas que puedes hacer para iniciar una conversación con hispanohablantes. Acuérdate de que tenemos que tener mucho contacto con el idioma hispano para tener éxito en el aprendizaje de la lengua. Aquí están unos ejemplos: <br />
<br />
1) ¿De dónde es Ud.? ¿Dónde nació?<br />
<br />
2) ¿Cuales son sus pasatiempos favoritos? <br />
<br />
3) ¿Te gusta el fútbol? ¿Cuál es su equipo favorito? <br />
<br />
4) ¿Le gusta salir las noches? ¿A Ud. qué le gusta hacer? <br />
<br />
5) ¿Qué opina de la economía?<br />
<br />
Hay otras preguntas básicas que se pueden implementar, pero estas son las más comunes en cualquier idioma. Date cuenta que utilicé la forma de Ud., pero esto no es necesario. De hecho, se puede utilizar la forma tuteada si te comuniques con un hablante de misma edad o menor. <br />
<br />
Sigue practicando, <br />
<br />
JoelJoel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-78746898720228702732015-05-25T15:12:00.002-07:002015-05-25T15:13:22.925-07:00The Best Secret to Learning SpanishHow's everybody doing? Ojala que todo vaya bien en sus estudios del idioma espanol.<br />
<br />
Are you having trouble keeping pace with studying Spanish? Do you feel that "you''ll just never learn, so, why bother keeping up with practicing"? <br />
<br />
Well, the answer is right in front of you. You have the BEST tool for learning different languages simply because you're a human being. Since the dawn of time and commerce, humans have exceeded expectations and have adapted to new cultures and languages: the Carthiginians and the Hebrews were exposed to Egyptian, and "los anglosajones" (the Anglo Saxons, who were more Germanic in their presentation) were exposed to Roman (Latin, or more appropriately, Greco-romanesque) influence. <br />
<br />
Go and buy something at a local Fiesta, or La Michoacana, and just strike up a conversation with a clerk in the produce, "verduras". It doesn't matter that you're a beginner, or that you're hesitant. All that MATTERS is that you try. People of all cultures are the same: they love engaging in conversation. You might even score a few grammar pointers. Pretty soon, these pointers will add up and you've be able to converse like a true native.<br />
<br />
It's how I learned.<br />
<br />
<br />Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-10932266606315659122014-07-10T16:49:00.004-07:002014-07-10T16:54:21.191-07:00 Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense Subjunctive <div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">There are
only a couple of verbs that are irregular in the present tense
subjunctive. If you recall, the opposite
vowel suffix substitutes for the first person singular suffix from the present
tense indicative (namely, the </span><b style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">–o</b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">). However, there are a couple of verbs that
don’t fit neatly into this process. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Verbs whose
first person singular conjugation end in <b>–y</b>,
such as <b>estar</b> (<b>estoy</b>), <b>ser</b> (<b>soy</b>), and <b>dar</b> (<b>doy</b>), all have
irregular conjugations:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">estar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
be</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Quieren que yo <u>esté</u>
en la fiesta.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>They
want me to be at the party.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que vosotros no <u>estéis</u>
en casa.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I hope
that you all are not at home.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellos desean que
estemos en el cine.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>They
want us to be at the theater.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que tú <u>estés</u>
en la reunion.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I need
you to be at the meeting.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">No puedo creer que <u>estén</u>
aquí Uds.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I can’t
believe that you all are here.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ser </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to be)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi amigo espera que yo <u>sea</u>
paciente.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
My friend hopes that I am patient.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que tú <u>seas</u>
paciente.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I need you to be patient.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dicen que <u>seamos</u>
amables.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
They tell us to be friendly.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que <u>seáis</u>
puntuales.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I hope that you all are punctual.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sugiero que <u>sean</u>
simpáticos.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I suggest that you all be nice.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dar </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to give)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que me <u>des</u>
el informe.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I need you to give me the report.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellos quieren que yo
les <u>dé</u> el informe.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
They want me to give them the report.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El profesor pide que le
<u>demos</u> nuestros ensayos.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
The professor asks us to give him our essays.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que vosotros
me <u>deis</u> vuestros papeles. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I need you all to give me your papers.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que Uds. me <u>den</u>
la tarea a tiempo.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I hope you all give me the homework on time.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ir</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (to go)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi madre necesita que
yo <u>vaya</u> a la tienda.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
My mother needs me to go to the store.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que tú <u>vayas
</u>a la escuela conmigo.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I need you to go to the school with me.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ella necesita que <u>vayamos</u>
a la librería. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> She needs us to go to the bookstore.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Prefiero que vosotros <u>vayáis</u>
inmediatamente.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I prefer you all go immediately.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que ellos <u>vayan</u>
al aeropuerto ahora mismo. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> I hope they go to the airport right now.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The verb<b> saber </b>(<i>to know</i>) also exhibits an irregular subjunctive conjugation: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">No creo que él sepa la
respuesta.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I don’t
believe that he knows the answer.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que sepas la
materia.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I need you to know the subject.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El profesor exige que
sepamos las respuestas.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The professor demands that we know the answers.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">La maestra espera que
sepáis las datos.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
teacher hopes that you all know the facts.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sugerimos que Uds.
sepan escribir bien.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>We
suggest that you know how to write well.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The verb <b>caber</b> (<i>to fit</i>) is highly irregular (the <b>yo</b> form is <b>quepo</b>):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que la falda me
quepa.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I hope
that the skirt fits me.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Esperamos que los
zapatos te quepan.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>We hope
that the shoes fit you.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Espero que te quepas en
el carro chico.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I hope
that you fit in the small car.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dudo que nos quepamos
en ese carro.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I doubt that we’ll fit in that car.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El maestro espera que
os quepáis en las sillas.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The teacher hopes you all fit in the chairs.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-67548508913074529482014-05-17T14:46:00.001-07:002014-07-10T16:53:11.199-07:00<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Accents and other Special Characters<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As you have
probably noticed, Spanish implements diacritical marks (accents) from time to
time. Written accents ALWAYS fall on a
vowel. The stress of the pronunciation
of the word falls where the accent lies.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Accents are
occasionally located over vowels that are part of a diphthong. If this occurs, then the diphthong
pronunciation is broken up and each vocal is sounded out. Note the following: <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>río</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (pronounced "ree YOH"<ree yoh="">)</ree></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>baúl</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (pronounced "bah OOL" <bah ool="">)</bah></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><bah ool=""><i><br /></i></bah></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another
character that appears regularly in Spanish is the <b><i>tilde</i></b>, on the letter <b>ñ</b>.
This letter, pronounced <ehn yeh="">, is found in words such as <b><u>mañana</u></b> <mah nah="" nyah=""><i>(tomorrow, morning)</i>, and <b><u>año</u></b> (<ahn yoh=""><i>year).</i>
<o:p></o:p></ahn></mah></ehn></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><ehn yeh=""><mah nah="" nyah=""><ahn yoh=""><br /></ahn></mah></ehn></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">You’ll also
rarely encounter the <b><i>umlaut</i></b>, which is used to sound out
the “<b>ü</b>” when it appears after a “q”
or “g”. Without the umlaut, the “u” is
silent. One word you’ll find with an
umlaut is <b><u>bilingüe</u></b>
(pronounced <bee gweh="" leen="">).<o:p></o:p></bee></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In exclamation
sentences, you’ll find the upside down exclamation point at the beginning of
the sentence:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¡Hace buen tiempo!</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>What great weather! </i>(Literally<i>, It makes good weather!</i>)<i><o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With
interrogative sentences, you’ll find the upside down question mark:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Qué quieres?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>What do you want?<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Other
grammar symbols are the “«” and the “»” quotation marks that take the place of
the English quote marks, “ ”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here is a
chart that shows you all of the ALT codes so you can create them on your
computer: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Symbol<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ALT
Code<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Á<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0193<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">É<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0201<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Í<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0205<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Ó<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0211<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Ú<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0218<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Ñ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0209<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Ü<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0220<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">á<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0225<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">é<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0233<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">í<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0237<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ó<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0243<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ú<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0250<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ñ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0241<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ü<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0252<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">¿<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0191<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">¡<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0161<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">«<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0171<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">»<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0187<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">€<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">0128<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ALT codes
can be created by pressing and holding the ALT button while typing in the
corresponding number pad keys, then releasing the ALT button. Since all keyboards are different, you might
have to research your own computer’s owner manual for proper functioning of the
ALT codes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-86930166973815737682014-02-25T19:40:00.001-08:002014-02-25T19:43:28.071-08:00<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Asking “How Are You?”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Read the
following dialogue between Marcos and Ana.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Marcos:</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>Hola,
Ana. </b></span><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hello, Ana.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ana:</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>¡Hola
</b></span><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Marcos! </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hello Marcos!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Marcos:</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>¿Cómo
estás? </b></span><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How are you?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ana:</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<b>Bien, ¿y tú? </b></span><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Good, and you?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Marcos:</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
¡<b>Bien, gracias! </b></span><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Good, thanks!</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Above,
notice how Ana referred back to Marcos using <b>tú</b>. Marcos also asked Ana
how she was doing using the <b>tú</b>
conjugation of the verb <b>estar </b><i>(to be)</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If the two
persons in the dialogue don’t know each other and some formality is expected,
the conversation would go like this: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sr. Cruz:</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<b>Hola, Sr. ¿Cómo está Ud.?</b> </span><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hello, sir. How are you?</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sr. López:</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<b>Muy bien.</b> <b>¿Y Ud.? </b></span><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Very well. And you?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sr. Cruz:</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<b>Muy bien. ¡Muchísimas gracias! </b></span><i><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Very well. Thanks so much!</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Notice the
subtle change of the conjugation of the verb <b>estar</b>, from <b>estás</b> to <b>está</b>.
This is important so the
conjugation of the verb fits the subject pronoun of the sentence, whether it is
<b>tú</b> or <b>Ud.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-67094566365978180342014-02-15T17:59:00.003-08:002014-02-15T18:00:32.203-08:00La Real Academia Española ha eliminado la CH, la LL, y la RR del Abecedario <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Se excluyen definitivamente del abecedario los signos </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">ch</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> y </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">ll,</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ya
que, en realidad, no son letras, sino dígrafos, esto es, conjuntos de dos
letras o grafemas que representan un solo fonema. El abecedario del español
queda así reducido a las veintisiete letras siguientes: </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">a,
b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">El español se asimila con ello al resto de las lenguas de
escritura alfabética, en las que solo se consideran letras del abecedario los
signos simples, aunque en todas ellas existen combinaciones de grafemas para
representar algunos de sus fonemas.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">La eliminación de los dígrafos </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">ch</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> y </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">ll</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> del
inventario de letras del abecedario no supone, en modo alguno, que desaparezcan
del sistema gráfico del español. Estos signos dobles seguirán utilizándose como
hasta ahora en la escritura de las palabras españolas: el dígrafo </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">ch</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> en
representación del fonema /ch/ (</span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">chico</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> [chíko])
y el dígrafo </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">ll</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> en representación del fonema /ll/ o, para hablantes
yeístas, del fonema /y/ (</span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">calle</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> [kálle, káye]). La
novedad consiste, simplemente, en que dejan de contarse entre las letras del
abecedario.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al tratarse de combinaciones de dos letras, las palabras que
comienzan por estos dígrafos o que los contienen no se alfabetizan aparte, sino
en los lugares que les corresponden dentro de la </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">c</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> y
de la </span><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #636363; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">l,</span></i><span style="color: #636363; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> respectivamente. La decisión de adoptar el orden
alfabético latino universal se tomó en el X Congreso de la Asociación de
Academias de la Lengua Española, celebrado en 1994, y viene aplicándose desde
entonces en todas las obras académicas.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-4400316054520416862013-12-14T09:06:00.001-08:002014-02-25T19:33:27.324-08:00<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduction to the Verb <i>Haber</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The verb <b>haber</b> is used very commonly to denote a
definite “there is”, or “there are”, or “there will be”, etc. When used this way, it is used without a past
participle and is always conjugated in the third person singular. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the
present tense indicative, we use the verb <b>hay</b>
(pronounced like the English subject pronoun “<i>I</i>”). This conjugation is actually the only irregular tense of <b>haber</b>, but it is easily distinguishable
in speech. This is most likely due to
the verb’s linguistic evolution as it is very commonly used in the
lexicon. You will probably use <b>hay</b> frequently. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When using
any form of <b>haber</b> this way, it is
common to omit the article:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hay</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ladrones en la casa. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are thieves in the house.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hay</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> nubes. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>There
are clouds.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hay</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> huracán en el Caribe.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>There is a hurricane in the Caribbean</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hay</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> problemas en mi clase de matemáticas.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>There are problems in my mathematics class.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here are a
couple of examples of <b>haber</b> used
this way in other tenses:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Preterit</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hubo un terremoto ayer.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>There was an earthquake yesterday.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hubo unos relámpagos
anoche.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>There
was lightning last night.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Imperfect:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hab</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ía unos peatones en la esquina.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>There
were some pedestrians on the corner.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Había mucho tráfico.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>There
was a lot of traffic</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Future:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habrá una tormenta esta tarde. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There will be a storm this afternoon.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habrá una fiesta en la casa de Carla.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>There
will be a party at Carla’s house.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Present
Subjunctive Mood:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yo espero que haya verduras frescas en el mercado.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
I hope that there are fresh vegetables in the market.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conditional
(not frequently used):<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">¡Habría una fiesta! </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>There
would be a party!<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conditional
with Past Subjunctive Mood in a Si- Clause (not frequently used):<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habría una recompensa si el ladrón fuera arrestado</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. <i>There
would be a reward if the thief was arrested.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keep
in mind that the above examples are also the third person singular conjugation
of<b> haber</b> in the appropriate tense,
with the exception of <b>hay</b>. This is important as they will also be the
building blocks of the perfect tenses we are going to construct in the next few
Chapters. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Beginning in
this Chapter we’re going to delve into what is known in the grammar world as
the <i>perfect tense. The perfect tense is used when referring to a
past action that is perceived to the speaker of being carried in to the
present. . It is a a type of statement used </i>by the
speaker in order to state with more certainty a completed action. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The perfect
tense is different from the simple tense in that it relies on an auxiliary verb
<b>haber</b>, which can be conjugated in
myriad ways, including the present, future, past, and conditional tenses. It can also be conjugated in the subjunctive
mood, both past and present. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The formula
for creating the perfect tense is simple:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Subject pronoun
(optional.) + pronoun + conjugation of</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>haber</b>
+ <i>past participle</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note the
following sentences in English. Each
employs a different perfect tense verb phrase, which has been underlined for
your convenience:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I have gone</span></u></i><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> to bed.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He has stepped</span></u></i><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> outside.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By 1982, <u>Dave and
Cassie had been</u> married for 10 years.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By next Thursday, <u>I will
have finished</u> writing this lesson.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">You and Victor</span></u></i><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <u>would have left</u> if I told you not to stay.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The verb <b>haber</b> is used very commonly to denote a
definite “there is”, or “there are”, or “there will be”, etc. When used this way, it is used without a past
participle and is always conjugated in the third person singular. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the
present tense indicative, we use the verb <b>hay</b>
(pronounced like the English subject pronoun “<i>I</i>”). This conjugation is actually the only irregular tense of <b>haber</b>, but it is easily distinguishable
in speech. This is most likely due to
the verb’s linguistic evolution as it is very commonly used in the
lexicon. You will probably use <b>hay</b> frequently. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When using
any form of <b>haber</b> this way, it is
common to omit the indefinite article:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hay</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ladrones en la casa. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are thieves in the house.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hay</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> nubes. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>There
are clouds.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hay</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> huracán en el Caribe.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>There is a hurricane in the Caribbean</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hay</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> problemas en mi clase de matemáticas.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>There are problems in my mathematics class.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here are a
couple of examples of <b>haber</b> used
this way in other tenses:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Preterit</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hubo un terremoto ayer.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>There was an earthquake yesterday.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hubo unos relámpagos
anoche.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>There
was lightning last night.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Imperfect:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hab</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ía unos peatones en la esquina.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>There
were some pedestrians on the corner.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Había mucho tráfico.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>There
was a lot of traffic</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Future:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habrá una tormenta esta tarde. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There will be a storm this afternoon.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habrá una fiesta en la casa de Carla.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>There
will be a party at Carla’s house.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Present
Subjunctive Mood:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yo espero que haya verduras frescas en el mercado.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
I hope that there are fresh vegetables in the market.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conditional
(not frequently used):<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">¡Habría una fiesta! </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <i>There
would be a party!<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conditional
with Past Subjunctive Mood in a Si- Clause (not frequently used):<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habría una recompensa si el ladrón fuera arrestado</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. <i>There
would be a reward if the thief was arrested.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keep
in mind that the above examples are also the third person singular conjugation
of<b> haber</b> in the appropriate tense,
with the exception of <b>hay</b>. This is important as they will also be the
building blocks of the perfect tenses we are going to construct in the next few
Chapters. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Perfect Tense – Present Indicative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The perfect
tense of the present indicative is formed with the auxiliary verb <b>haber </b>(conjugated in the present tense),<b> </b>juxtaposed to the past
participle. When used in the perfect
tenses, participles are always formed in the singular masculine. This is different than when participles are
used as adjectives, as they must agree with the noun’s number (singular or
plural) and gender (whether it is masculine or feminine). This topic was covered in Unit 9, so be sure
to go and revisit that material if you aren’t certain about this grammar
aspect. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Since <b>haber</b> is auxiliary, it is highly
specialized. As you learned in the last section,
we can use <b>haber </b>to mean “<i>there is</i>”, “<i>there are</i>”, “<i>there will be</i>”,
etc. But when used in a perfect tense
verb phrase, it must be conjugated to match the subject pronoun like any other
verb. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recall the
formula you were introduced to in the last Chapter, as it will be the basis for
forming every perfect tense verb phrase in the future:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Subject Pronoun (opt.)</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> + <b>haber</b> + <i>past participle<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">All that’s
left is to fill in the correct verb conjugation for <b>haber</b> and the desired past participle and you have it made. Let’s first look at the easiest conjugation
of <b>haber</b>, the present tense
indicative: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .7in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">yo <b>he</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">nosotros
<b>hemos</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">tú <b>has</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">vosotors
<b>habéis</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">él,
ella, Ud. <b>ha</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. <b>han</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Since <b>haber</b> serves as the auxiliary parts of
these verb phrases, we then pair them with the participle of a verb. Remember, the participle used must retain the
singular masculine form: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yo <u>he terminado</u>.
</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I have
finished.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Tú <u>has ido</u> a
Barcelona, verdad?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>You
have gone to Barcelona, right?</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El mariachi <u>ha
tocado</u> la guitarra bien.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The mariachi has played the guitar well.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nosotros <u>hemos
peleado</u> duro.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>We have
fought hard.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vosotros <u>habéis
ganado</u>.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>You all
have won.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Los árbitros <u>han
tocado</u> el silbato.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The referees have blown the whistle</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Don’t forget
to review the irregular past participles!
We can also use them as parts of perfect tense verb phrases: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hemos <u>visto</u> esa
película.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>We’ve
seen that movie.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He <u>puesto</u> la
mesa.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I have
set the table.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Ya has <u>vuelto</u>?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>Have you returned yet?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mis padres han <u>abierto</u>
la tienda.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>My
parents have opened the store.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Los niños han <u>dicho</u>
muchos chistes. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The kids
have told a lot of jokes.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">La muchacha ha <u>hecho</u>
un castillo de arena.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
girl has made a sand castle</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Los cocineros han <u>frito</u>
el pollo.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
cooks have fried the chicken.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Las plantas han <u>muerto</u>.
</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
plants have died.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yo he <u>escrito</u>
una novela.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i> I
have written a novel.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Has <u>roto</u> tu
juguete.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>You
have broken your toy.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vosotros habéis <u>cubierto</u>
la botella.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>You all
have covered the bottle</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellos han <u>impreso</u>
el documento.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>They
have printed the document</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El abogado ha <u>satisfecho</u>
al jurado. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The lawyer has satisfied the jury.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-49442251359183746512013-11-11T12:18:00.001-08:002013-11-11T12:18:31.975-08:00The Imperfect Tense<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We use the
imperfect in Spanish the same way we do in English. It is used when we want to clarify that an
action was taking place over a length of time in the past. Whereas the preterit tense focuses on
definite, realized actions, the imperfect focuses more on an era, epoch, or
past habitual actions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are
only a couple of irregular imperfect verbs, which we’ll cover in the next
chapter. But for now, let’s begin our
studies of the imperfect tense by focusing on <b>–ar</b> verbs, whose suffixes are conjugated like this: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">-aba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">-ábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">-abas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">-abais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">-aba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">-aban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note that
the 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> persons singular are the same, so the
addition of the subject pronoun is in order to avoid confusion and sentence
ambiguity. Also, an accent mark makes an
appearance on the <b>nosotros</b>
conjugation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Study and
memorize the following common <b>–ar</b>
verbs in the imperfect tense: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hablar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
speak</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
hablaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras hablábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
hablabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras hablabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. hablaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. hablaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pagar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
pay for, to pay</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
pagaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras pagábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
pagabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras pagabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. pagaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. pagaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">desayunar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
eat breakfast)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
desayunaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras desayunábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
desayunabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras desayunabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. desayunaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. desayunaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">almorzar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
eat lunch</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
almorzaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras almorzábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
almorzabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras almorzabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. almorzaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. almorzaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cenar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
eat dinner</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
cenaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras cenábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
cenabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras cenabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. cenaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. cenaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">contar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
count, to tell (a story))</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
contaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras contábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
contabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras contabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. contaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. contaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">estudiar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
study</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
estudiaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras estudiábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
estudiabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras estudiabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. estudiaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. estudiaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">manejar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
drive</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
manejaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras manejábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
manejabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras manejabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. manejaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. manejaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">llamar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
call</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
llamaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras llamábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
llamabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras llamabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. llamaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. llamaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ganar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
earn, to win</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
ganaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras ganábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
ganabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras ganabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. ganaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. ganaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mirar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
watch, to look at</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
miraba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras mirábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
mirabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras mirabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. miraba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. miraban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">estar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
be</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
estaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras estábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
estabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras estabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. estaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. estaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to give</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
daba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras dábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
dabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras dabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. daba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. daban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mandar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
send</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
mandaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras mandábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
mandabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras mandabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. mandaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. mandaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">despertar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
awaken</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
despertaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras despertábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
despertabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras despertabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. despertaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. despertaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">matar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
kill</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
mataba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras matábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
matabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras matabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. mataba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. mataban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nadar</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>to
swim</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
nadaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras nadábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
nadabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras nadabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. nadaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. nadaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lavar </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(<i>to
wash</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableGrid3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo
lavaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros,
nosotras lavábamos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2nd Person<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">tú
lavabas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros,
vosotras lavabais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 24.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él,
ella, Ud. lavaba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 24.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos,
ellas, Uds. lavaban<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-2609056468247656212013-01-12T11:03:00.003-08:002013-01-12T11:03:33.449-08:00<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El Árbol Genealógico</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Let’s review
some vocabulary associated with ancestry and family trees. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el padre<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">father<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la madre<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">mother<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el hermano<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">brother<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la hermana<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">sister<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">los hermanos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">siblings<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el suegro<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">father-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la suegra<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">mother-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el cuñado<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">brother-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la cuñada<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">sister-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el esposo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">husband<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el marido<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">husband<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la esposa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">wife<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el abuelo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">grandfather<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la abuela<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">grandmother<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el bisabuelo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">great-grandfather<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la bisabuela<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">great-grandmother<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el hijo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">son<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la hija<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">daughter<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el nieto<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">grandson<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la nieta<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">granddaughter<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el bisnieto<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">great-grandson<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la bisnieta<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">great-granddaughter<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el tío<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">uncle<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la tía<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">aunt<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el primo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">cousin <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la prima<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">cousin <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el sobrino<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">nephew<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la sobrina<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">niece<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el padrastro <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">stepfather<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la madrastra<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">stepmother<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el hijastro <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">stepson<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la hijastra<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">stepdaughter<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el hermanastro<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">stepbrother<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la hermanastra<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">stepsister<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el medio hermano<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">half brother<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la media hermana<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">half sister<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el consuegro<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">father-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la consuegra<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">mother-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el prometido<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">fiancé<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la prometida<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">fiancée<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el novio<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">boyfriend<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la novia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">girlfriend<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el padrino<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">godfather<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la madrina<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">godmother<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">el ahijado<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">godson<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">la ahijada<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">goddaughter<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With the
exception of <b>el padre</b>/<b>la madre</b>, you can tell the gender of
the person on the family tree usually by whether or not the noun ends in <b>–o</b> or <b>–a</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Let’s practice
making some sentences. Can you describe your family tree in Spanish? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi madre es alta. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>My
mother is tall.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi padre es abogado.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>My father is a lawyer.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">La hermana es bonita.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>The sister is pretty.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Los abuelos vienen.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>The grandparents are coming.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El pardrastro tiene el
gripe.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
stepfather has the flu. </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yo soy el ahijado de
Sr. Gómez.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i> I am
Mr. Gómez’s godson.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El Sr. Gómez es mi
padrino.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Mr.
Gómez is my godfather</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¡Mi consuegra está
enojada!</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>My
mother-in-law is angry!<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Viene a la fiesta tu
hermanastro? </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Is your
stepbrother coming to the party?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Las sobrinas no tienen
las mochilas.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
nieces don’t have the backpacks.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi prometido hace la
cena.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>My
fiancé makes the dinner.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Los hijos estudian.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>The sons/daughters study.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-30141892367612577772013-01-01T10:29:00.000-08:002013-01-01T10:29:21.929-08:00<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vowels and Phonetics <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The same 5
vowels that are in the English Alphabet are the vocals used in the Spanish
alphabet as well. It is very important
to start practicing the pronunciation of Spanish vocals, because they are the
root of each syllable in this language.
It will also facilitate comprehension when talking to someone because
they will be more likely to understand you!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A
a</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (pronounced <ah>, like the “o” in
“mom”)<o:p></o:p></ah></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">E
e</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (pronounced like <eh>, with a slight
“y” sound at the terminus, like the “a” in “cake”)<o:p></o:p></eh></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I
i </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(pronounced <ee>, like the “ee”
in “bee” or “keep”)<o:p></o:p></ee></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">O
o </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(pronounced
<oh>, but without closing your lips.
English equivalent doesn’t really exist.)<o:p></o:p></oh></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">U
u </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(pronounced
<oo>, like the “oo” in
“kangaroo”) <o:p></o:p></oo></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some of the
sounds will take some time to master, as they aren’t compatible sound-wise to
that of their English counterparts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spanish is a
far more phonetically accurate language than English. What that means is that each letter has its
own consistent sound. There are only a
handful of exceptions in the Spanish language, whereas English has
thousands. For example, the “gh” in
English can either sound like “g” in “<i><u>gh</u>ost</i>”,
like “w” in “<i>slou<u>gh</u></i>” or “<i>dou<u>gh</u></i>”, or like “f” in “<i>lau<u>gh</u></i>”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Consonants<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
consonants in the Spanish alphabet are roughly the same pronunciation as the
English alphabet, with only a handful of exceptions. The “g” is pronounced with a throaty,
guttural “h” sound, as if clearing the throat, ONLY if it is found before
“e”: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>gerente</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<heh rehn="rehn" teh="teh">)<o:p></o:p></heh></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>gente</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<hehn teh="teh">)<o:p></o:p></hehn></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The “h” is
always silent in Spanish:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>hache</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<ah cheh="cheh">)<o:p></o:p></ah></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>hermano</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<ehr mah="mah" noh="noh">)<o:p></o:p></ehr></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The “j” is
pronounced like a throaty “h” sound, as if clearing the throat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>caja</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<kah hah="hah">)<o:p></o:p></kah></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>pareja</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<pah hah="hah" reh="reh">)<o:p></o:p></pah></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“V” is
pronounced like the “b” in “bee”, as in the following words:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>voz</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<bohs>)<o:p></o:p></bohs></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>cerveza</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<sehr beh="beh" sah="sah">)<o:p></o:p></sehr></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bonita <u>Cuernavaca</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<kwehr bah="bah" kah="kah" nah="nah">)<o:p></o:p></kwehr></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The “x” is
usually pronounced like the “j”. Hence,
“<b>México</b>” is pronounced <meh hee="hee" koh="koh">, and in fact, is even written sometimes as “<b>Méjico</b>”! <o:p></o:p></meh></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If a word
begins with “x” (which is rare), it sounds out like an English “z”:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la ciudad de <u>Xochimilco</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <zoh chee="chee" koh="koh" meel="meel"><o:p></o:p></zoh></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Z” is
pronounced like an “s”, as in the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>alcatraz</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<ahl kah="kah" trahs="trahs">)<o:p></o:p></ahl></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>ajedrez</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<ah drehs="drehs" heh="heh">)<o:p></o:p></ah></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A key thing
to remember about Spanish consonants is that they need to be pronounced very
sharply, and not as slurred out as English consonants tend to do. Therefore, “r” in English doesn’t sound the
same way in Spanish; it is more abrupt in Spanish and, along with “t”, can
sound like a “d” to an English speaker! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The <b>Real Academia de la Lengua Española</b> (<i>Royal Academy of the Spanish Language</i>),
which has governing authority over the alphabet as well as the language itself,
has eliminated a couple of consonants.
In this way, Spanish differs from English in that the standard for the
Spanish language is subject to a governing body in order to preserve it in
perpetuity. For English, our language
standard is found in sources like the Webster’s Dictionary or Roget’s
Thesaurus, but there really is no centralized regulation on the language and as
such, English is subject to far more change and metamorphosis than
Spanish. The following letters have been
removed in recent years from the Spanish alphabet. They are, however, still used in practice
when spelling words: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CH
ch</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>(Pronounced: <cheh>)</cheh></b>- Formerly
the 4<sup>th</sup> letter of the alphabet.
Pronounced like the English equivalent.
(“cheese”, “chess”) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">LL
ll</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>(Pronounced: <eh yeh="yeh">)</eh></b>– Formerly
the 14<sup>th</sup> letter of the alphabet.
Pronounced with a “y” sound, i.g. <b>“llamo”</b>
is pronounced <b><i><yah moh="moh"></yah></i></b><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RR
rr</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>(Pronounced: <eh rreh="rreh">)</eh></b>– Formerly
the 22<sup>nd</sup> letter of the alphabet.
Pronounced with a trilled lingual-fricative sound. No English equivalent. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diphthongs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A diphthong
is the combination of two weak vocals (like “i” and “u”) or a combination of a
strong vocal (“a”, “e”, or “o”) with one of the weak vowels. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A diphthong
actually makes up one syllable and is sounded out accordingly. A major pitfall of English speakers learning
Spanish is that we regularly break up vowel sounds in English; however, this
would sound odd in Spanish if we do that, and you’d sound like the
quintessential “gringo”! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here are
some common diphthongs and their Spanish pronunciations: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“ie”
= pronounced <yeh><o:p></o:p></yeh></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“ua”
= pronounced <wah><o:p></o:p></wah></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“ia”
= pronounced <yah><o:p></o:p></yah></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“io”
= pronounced <yoh><o:p></o:p></yoh></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“ue”
= pronounced <weh><o:p></o:p></weh></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“ui”
= pronounced <wee><o:p></o:p></wee></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“ei”
= pronounced <ehy><o:p></o:p></ehy></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“au”
= pronounced <ow><o:p></o:p></ow></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Try saying
the following words:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el siete<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el cuaderno<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el juego<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la radio<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la jaula<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el estudiante<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la agua<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el juicio<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el secretario<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el seis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Accents and other Special Characters<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As you have
probably noticed, Spanish implements diacritical marks (accents) from time to
time. The accents ALWAYS fall on a vocal
(vowel). The stress of the pronunciation
of the word falls where the accent lies.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Accents are
occasionally located over vowels that are part of a diphthong. If this occurs, then the diphthong
pronunciation is broken up and each vocal is sounded out. Note the following: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>río</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (pronounced <ree you="you"><o:p></o:p></ree></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>baúl</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (pronounced <bah ool="ool"><o:p></o:p></bah></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another
character that appears regularly in Spanish is the <b><i>tilde</i></b>, on the letter <b>ñ</b>.
This letter, pronounced <ehn yeh="yeh">, is found in words such as <b>la</b> <b><u>mañana</u></b>
(<mah nah="nah" nyah="nyah">, and <b>el</b> <b><u>año</u></b> (<ahn yoh="yoh">). <o:p></o:p></ahn></mah></ehn></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">You’ll also
(very rarely) encounter the <b><i>umlaut</i></b>, which is used to sound out
the “<b>ü</b>” when it appears after a “q”
or “g”. Without the umlaut, the “u” is
silent. Some words you’ll find with an
umlaut are <b>libro</b> <b><u>bilingüe</u></b> (pronounced <bee gweh="gweh" leen="leen"> and <b>la</b> <b>sangüesa</b> (pronounced <sahn gweh="gweh" sah="sah">. <o:p></o:p></sahn></bee></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In
exclamation sentences, you’ll find the upside down exclamation point at the
beginning of the sentence:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¡Hace buen tiempo!</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>What great weather!<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With interrogative
sentences, you’ll find the upside down question mark:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Qué quieres?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>What do you want?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the
Spanish language, quotation marks are symbolized by brackets instead: “«” and
“»”. In practice a quotation in a
Spanish sentence would look like this: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">«Tengo una pregunta.» -
dijo el alumno.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here is a
chart that shows you the ALT codes so you can create them on your computer: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.45in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Symbol<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ALT Code<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Á<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0193<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">É<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0201<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Í<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0205<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ó<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0211<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ú<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0218<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ñ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0209<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ü<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0220<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">á<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0225<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">é<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0233<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">í<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0237<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ó<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0243<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ú<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0250<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ñ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0241<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ü<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0252<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">¿<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0191<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">¡<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0161<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">«<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0171<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">»<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0187<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">€<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">0128<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Non-Accented Words and the Penultimate
Syllable<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
penultimate syllable or the second-to-last syllable on a non-accented word
usually gets the stress of the pronunciation.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>basura</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <bah rah="rah" soo="soo"><o:p></o:p></bah></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>computadora</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <kohm doh="doh" poo="poo" rah="rah" tah="tah"><o:p></o:p></kohm></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>mochila</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <moh chee="chee" lah="lah"><o:p></o:p></moh></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el/la <u>estudiante</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <eh dyahn="dyahn" stoo="stoo" teh="teh"><o:p></o:p></eh></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">An exception
occurs when the word ends in a hard consonant like <b>d</b>, <b>j</b>, <b>r</b>, <b>t</b>,
or <b>z</b>. In these cases, the stress falls on the last
syllable. Note the following: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>reloj</u> </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><reh loh="loh"> </reh></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">*The “j” makes a very throaty guttural
sound.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>caminar</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <kah mee="mee" nahr="nahr"><o:p></o:p></kah></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">la <u>actitud</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <ahk tee="tee" tood="tood"><o:p></o:p></ahk></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el <u>avestruz</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <ah beh="beh" stroos="stroos"><o:p></o:p></ah></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el estado de <u>Nayarit</u></span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <nah reet="reet" yah="yah"> <o:p></o:p></nah></span></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-22434746113299666332012-12-04T07:29:00.000-08:002012-12-04T07:29:02.182-08:00<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Subjunctive Mood in the Past Tense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Things get a
little more difficult when we’re using the subjunctive conjugations in the past
tense. So, let’s try to keep the
discussion on this topic as simplistic as possible. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A word of
note: many grammar books and Spanish learning tools might present this topic as
the “imperfect” subjunctive, which is unfortunately misleading to many students
of the Spanish language. We will
continue to refer to this concept as the “past” subjunctive, since it embodies
expressions that are either in the preterit or the imperfect tense. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The main
idea to remember is that these types of conjugations are used in the past
tense. If I express an idea in the
present tense and I need to use the subjunctive, I use the present tense of the
subjunctive, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesito que vayas a la
tienda.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I need
you to go to the store.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Note that BOTH the indicative clause (<b>Necesito….</b>)
and the subjunctive clause (<b>vayas…</b>)
are conjugated in their respective present tense forms. All we have to do to utilize the past tense
of the subjunctive is to initialize the sentence with a past tense (preterit or
imperfect) indicative trigger clause, like this:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesité que <u>compraras</u>
unas verduras.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I
needed you to buy some vegetables.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesitaba que <u>compraras</u>
unas verduras.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I
needed you to buy some vegetables.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
In the above examples I outlined the past subjunctive verb <b>compraras</b> so you can get an idea on the ending. I will explain how to conjugate them in the
following section. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conjugating Past Subjunctive –Ar Verbs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In order to
conjugate verbs for them to be used correctly, it is recommended that you are
familiar with the 3<sup>rd</sup> person plural form of the preterit tense. Recall that <b>–ar</b> verbs usually end in <b>–aron</b>,
while the <b>–er/-ir</b> verbs end in
either <b>–ieron</b> or, less frequently, <b>-yeron</b>.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To change in
to the past subjunctive conjugation, simply drop the <b>–ron</b> from the third person plural preterit conjugation of the verb,
and add the following suffixes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 11.85pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 11.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.65pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">yo: <i>-ra</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 11.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.65pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">nosotros: -<i>ramos</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.65pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">tú: <i>-ras</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.65pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">vosotros: <i>-rais</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.65pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">él, ella, Ud.: <i>-ra</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.65pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ellos, ellas, Uds.: <i>-ran</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the <b>nosotros</b> form, the <b>–a</b> that precedes the conjugative suffix has an accent applied (<b>-á</b>).
Here is the conjugation of the verb <b>mirar</b>
(<i>to see, look at</i>) in the past
subjunctive (where you will note the <b>nosotros
</b>form’s accent):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.7in; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 11.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 11.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.3pt;" valign="top" width="122">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">yo mirara<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 11.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">nosotros miráramos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.3pt;" valign="top" width="122">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">tú miraras<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">vosotros mirarais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.3pt;" valign="top" width="122">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">él, ella, Ud. mirara<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ellos, ellas, Uds. miraran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi amigo esperaba que
yo mirara el partido.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>My
friend was hoping I watched the game.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Los abuelos dejaban que
miráramos la tele.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
grandparents let us watch television.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El maestro prohibió que
los estudiantes miraran la película</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>The teacher prohibited the students watching the film.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here is the
verb <b>levantar </b>(<i>to lift</i>): <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .7in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">yo levantara<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">nosotros levantáramos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">tú levantaras<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">vosotros levantarais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">él, ella, Ud. levantara<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ellos, ellas, Uds. levantaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El entrenador quería
que yo levantara pesos.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The coach wanted me to lift weights.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El niño necesitaba que
levantáramos el juguete pesado.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The boy needed us to lift the heavy toy.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesitábamos que tú levantaras el
sofá.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>We
needed you to lift the sofa. <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conjugating Past Subjunctive –Er and –Ir
Verbs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Let’s look
at some <b>–er/-ir</b> verbs conjugated in
the past subjunctive. Follow the same
method of conjugating these as you did for the <b>–ar</b> verbs. For example, here
is the <b>–er</b> verb <b>toser </b><i>(to cough)</i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .7in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">yo tosiera<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">nosotros tosiéramos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">tú tosieras<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">vosotros tosierais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">él, ella, Ud. tosiera<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ellos, ellas, Uds. tosieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El médico esperaba que
yo no tosiera.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
doctor hoped that I wasn’t coughing.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nuestra madre esperaba
que no tosi</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">éramos</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. <i>Our
mother hoped we weren’t coughing.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here is the
verb <b>reír</b> <i>(to laugh)</i>: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .7in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">yo riera<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">nosotros riéramos<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">tú rieras<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">vosotros rierais<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">él, ella, Ud. riera<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">ellos, ellas, Uds. rieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mis padres eran alegres
que riéramos.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>My
parents were happy that I was laughing.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El maestro estaba
contento que los alumnos rieran.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The teacher was content that the students laughed. </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Estaba sorprendido que
tú rieras</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. <i>I was
surprised that you were laughing.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Irregular Verbs in the Past Subjunctive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Remember the
preterit tense verbs that were irregular?
Don’t forget that their 3<sup>rd</sup> person plural conjugations were
irregular as well and didn’t resemble their infinitive forms at all. Here are all of the conjugations that you’ll
need to know from all of the irregular preterit tense verbs:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tener </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to have)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo tuviera, tú tuvieras, él
tuviera, nosotros tuviéramos, vosotros tuvierais, ellos tuvieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">poner </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to put, to place)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo pusiera, tú pusieras, él
pusiera, nosotros pusiéramos, vosotros pusierais, ellos pusieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">saber </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to know)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo supiera, tú supieras, él
supiera, nosotros supiéramos, vosotros supierais, ellos supieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">poder </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to be able to)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo pudiera, tú pudieras, él
pudiera, nosotros pudiéramos, vosotros pudierais, ellos pudieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dar </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to give)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo diera, tú dieras, él diera,
nosotros diéramos, vosotros dierais, ellos dieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">decir </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to say, to tell)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo dijera, tú dijeras, él
dijera, nosotros dijéramos, vosotros dijerais, ellos dijeran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hacer </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to do, to make)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo hiciera, tú hicieras, él
hiciera, nosotros hiciéramos, vosotros hicierais, ellos hicieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">andar </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to walk)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo anduviera, tú anduvieras, él
anduviera, nosotros anduviéramos, vosotros anduvierais, ellos anduvieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">estar </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to be)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo estuviera, tú estuvieras, él estuviera, nosotros estuviéramos,
vosotros estuvierais, ellos estuvieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">traer </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to bring)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo trajera, tú trajeras, él trajera, nosotros trajéramos, vosotros
trajerais, ellos trajeran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">querer </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to want, to love)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo quisiera, tú quisieras, él
quisiera, nosotros quisiéramos, vosotros quisierais, ellos quisieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">conducir </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to drive)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo condujera, tú condujeras, él
condujera, nosotros condujéramos, vosotros condujerais, ellos condujeran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The verbs <b>ser</b> <i>(to
be)</i> and <b>ir</b> <i>(to go)</i>, as you recall, are the same conjugation in the preterit
tense. Since we are forming the past
subjunctive from the 3<sup>rd</sup> person plural preterit, then both verbs are
conjugated the same in the past subjunctive, as well:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ser </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to be)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> & ir </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to go)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: yo fuera, tú fueras, él fuera, nosotros fuéramos, vosotros fuerais,
ellos fueran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Verbs with Spelling Changes in the Past
Subjunctive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If you
recall, there are some verbs that, when conjugated in the 3<sup>rd</sup> person
preterit tense, exhibit a change in the spelling of their roots. The verbs include <b>morir </b><i>(to die)</i><b>: <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yo m<u>u</u>riera, tú m<u>u</u>rieras,
él m<u>u</u>riera, nosotros m<u>u</u>riéramos, vosotros m<u>u</u>rierais, ellos
m<u>u</u>rieran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">and verbs like pedir </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(to ask for)</span></i><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yo p<u>i</u>diera, tú p<u>i</u>dieras,
él p<u>i</u>diera, nosotros p<u>i</u>diéramos, vosotros p<u>i</u>dierais, ellos
p<u>i</u>dieran</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-33356958108694776922012-11-27T07:41:00.000-08:002012-11-27T07:41:14.631-08:00<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Possessive Adjectives</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Possessive
adjectives (“my”, “your”, “his”, etc.) are encountered in lieu of the article
(that is, they appear before the noun).
Each possessive adjective is associated with its corresponding subject
pronoun. With the exception of the <b>nosotros</b> and <b>vosotros</b> forms (1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> person plural,
respectively), each possessive adjective only has two forms (singular and
plural) and are not dependent on the noun’s gender:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center">
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">mi, mis</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">nuestro/-a,
nuestros/-as</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">2<sup>nd</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">tu, tus</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">vuestro/-a,
vuestros/-as</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">3<sup>rd</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">su, sus</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">su, sus</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mi</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> gato es negro.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>My cat
is black.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tus</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> perros son amables.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Your dogs are friendly.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Su</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> suéter es de lana.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>His sweater is wool (made of wool).</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nuestra</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> hija tiene quince años.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Our daughter is 15 years old.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nuestros</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> hijos son gemelos.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Our sons are twins.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Vuestro carro es rojo?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>Is your car red?</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Su mamá mezcla los
ingredientes.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>His/her/your/their
mother mixes the ingredients.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sus ejércitos cruzan el
río.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Their armies
cross the river.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">An important
concept to remember here is the ambiguity of the third persons singular and plural. In these cases, it is important to remember
that we could be referring to either “his”, “her”, “their”, “its”, or “your”
(plural). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Also, the
possessive adjectives are not dependent on the number of the subject. What this means is that if we for example are
referring to several people as the subject, and we wanted to describe
possession of a single object, we would still only use the singular possessive
adjective (not the plural)! <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-88551865337508768932012-11-09T12:11:00.002-08:002012-11-09T12:12:48.592-08:00<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduction to the Subject Pronouns<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are
several subject pronouns in the Spanish language. A subject pronoun is a part of speech that
takes the place of a noun while acting as the subject of a sentence. Subject pronouns (and all pronouns, for that
matter) can be categorized in a chart based on whether they are 1<sup>st</sup>,
2<sup>nd</sup>, or 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular or 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>,
or 3<sup>rd</sup> person plural pronouns.
<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The 1<sup>st</sup>,
2<sup>nd</sup>, and 3<sup>rd</sup> person categorizations will make more sense
in the next Unit, but you should memorize the configuration of this chart now,
as this will be the cornerstone of verb conjugations in the lessons to come. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Singular<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Plural<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1<sup>st</sup>
Person<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">yo</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>(I)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">nosotros</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">, <b>nosotras </b><i>(we)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2<sup>nd</sup>
Person<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">*tú </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">(<i>you (familiar))</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">vosotros, vosotras</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i>(you (familiar plural))</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3<sup>rd</sup>
Person<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">él</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> (<i>he, it (masc.))</i>, <b>ella</b> (<i>she, it (fem.))</i>, *<b>Ud.</b> <i>(you (formal))</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ellos<i> </i></span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">(they,
masc.)</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">, <b>ellas </b><i>(they, fem.)</i>, <b>Uds. </b> <i>(you
(formal plural))</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recall the
differences from Chapter 1 between *<b>tú</b>
and *<b>Ud.</b> Both are actually 2<sup>nd</sup> person
references, but notice that the subject pronoun <b>Ud.</b> is located in the third person singular category. So, when referring to someone formally as <b>Ud.</b>, we are actually using the third
person singular grammatical person. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The 1<sup>st</sup>
and 2<sup>nd</sup> persons plural also contain a feminine form (<b>nosotras</b> and <b>vosotras</b>, respectively).
They are used when referring to a group of females. The 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular as well as
the 3<sup>rd</sup> person plural also contains a feminine form. When referring to a mixture of males and
females, the masculine form is defaulted to.
<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The subject
pronouns <b>vosotros</b> and <b>vosotras</b> are seldom used in the
Americas. The formal 3<sup>rd</sup>
person plural subject pronoun <b>Uds.</b>
is used instead, for referring to a group of people in the second person. However, we can still practice using the <b>vosotros</b>/<b>vosotras</b> form:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Cómo estáis vosotros? </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>How are
you all doing?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In Spain, the
<b>vosotros</b> and <b>vosotras</b> subject pronouns (and their subsequent conjugations) are
used in regular conversational Spanish, so it is recommended that you at least
know that these pronouns exist in daily usage.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here are all
of the subject pronouns you must know, in the bullet list below: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yo </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(<i>I</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tú </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(<i>you, familiar</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ud.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>you formal</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">él </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(<i>he, masculine</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ella</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>she,
feminine</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nosotros</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>we,
masculine</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nosotras</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>we,
feminine</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">vosotros</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>you,
plural, familiar, masculine</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">vosotras</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>you,
plural, familiar, feminine</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ellos </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(<i>they,
masculine</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ellas</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>they,
feminine</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Uds.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (<i>you,
plural</i>)*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">*Recall that
<b>Uds.</b> is used as the regular plural <b>tú</b> form in México and other Central and
South American countries. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Check out
the following sentences and phrases using different subject pronouns:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tú necesitas aprender español.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>You (familiar) need to learn Spanish.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ella quiere ir de compras.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>She wants to go shopping.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellas miran.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
They look.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellos llaman.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
They call.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yo pago.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
I pay. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nosotros vamos a celebrar la Navidad en Madrid.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>We are going to celebrate
Christmas in Madrid.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nosotras celebramos.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
We celebrate.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yo voy a estudiar. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I am going to study.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Y vosotras, ¿cómo estáis?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>And how are you all?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Uds. no van a sacar buenas notas si no estudian.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>You (all) aren’t going to get good
grades if you don’t study.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Él saca el cuaderno.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
He takes out the notebook.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Eva escribe con el lápiz.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Eva writes with the pencil. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ud. practica.</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
You practice.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cuernavaca y Oaxaca están en México.
</span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cuernavaca and Oaxaca are in Mexico.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Los hermanos estudian. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The brothers are studying.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Omitting Subject Pronouns</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The subject
pronouns are actually not needed a lot of the times. If there is no confusion as to the subject of
the sentence, then the pronoun can be omitted.
For example, I can simply say: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Voy a estudiar.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>I am going to study.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Notice the
subject pronoun “<b>yo</b>” was taken
away. We can do this because the
conjugation of the verb (<b>voy</b>) is in
the 1<sup>st</sup> person singular category.
According to our chart above, “<b>yo</b>”
is the 1<sup>st</sup> person singular subject pronoun. Since they match, we don’t need the subject
pronoun. In English, we always MUST use
a subject pronoun. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here are
some other sentences in Spanish with the subject pronoun removed:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesitas llamar.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>You need to call.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesitas hielo.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>You need ice.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesitamos ir.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>We need to go.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Dónde estudiáis?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>Where do you study?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Estudian en la
biblioteca.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>They
are studying in the library.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Using Subject Pronouns to Avoid Ambiguity</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We MUST use
the subject pronoun in sentences when there is a possibility of confusion. This occurs in the third persons singular as
well as plural. For example, if we were
to say<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Necesita mirar.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This can
either mean, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He needs to watch.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">She needs to watch.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It needs to watch.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">You need to watch.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
(<b>Ud.</b> – <i>formal singular “you”</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">So, to
clarify to the listener, you the speaker must include a subject pronoun unless
the subject of the sentence (which can also be a proper name) is otherwise
understood:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Adán necesita estudiar.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>Adam needs to study.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ella necesita estudiar.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>She needs to study.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Necesita ayuda Ud.?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>Do you need help?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Placement of Subject Pronouns<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Subject
pronouns, when used, are usually placed before the verb that they modify. However, they can be understood in an
interrogatory fashion when they follow the verb. This is done to emphasize the subject of the
sentence, the way we do in English. Note
the following:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Necesitas <u>tú</u> la
computadora?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Do YOU
need the computer?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Cambias <u>tú</u> un
cheque?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Are YOU
cashing a check?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">No comprendes <u>tú</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> </b><i>YOU don’t understand.</i></span></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-91674381333151761272012-10-11T21:58:00.001-07:002012-10-11T21:59:56.931-07:00<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Combining Multiple Pronouns<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is
possible to have several combinations of objects as well as reflexive pronouns
in normal speech. For example, let’s
assume we are referring to<b> los pantalones</b> (<i>the pants</i>) and we resort to the
reflexive verb phrase ponerse + article of clothing/other object. We can combine the pronouns with the
reflexive pronoun coming first, following the formula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">reflexive pronoun </span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">+ <i>direct
object pronoun</i> + <u>verb</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ella se pone los
pantalones.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>She
puts on the pants.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ella <u>se los pone</u>.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i> She puts them on.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note the
placement of the third person plural direct object pronoun (<b>los</b>).
Other examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El huésped se quita los
zapatos.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
guest takes off his shoes.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">El huésped <u>se los
quita</u>.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>The
guest takes them off.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¡Hace frío! Nos ponemos
las chaquetas. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>It’s
cold! We put on our jackets.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nos las ponemos</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.
<i>We put them on. <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We can also
combine indirect and direct object pronouns.
The formula for this is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">indirect object pronoun</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> + <i>direct object pronoun</i> + <u>verb</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Me mandaste la carta? </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Did you
send the letter to me?</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sí, <u>te la mandé</u>
la semana pasada. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yes, I sent it to you last week. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Quién hizo mis
quehaceres? </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Who did my chores?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Te los hicieron</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> las criadas. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The maids did them for you.</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Dónde está nuestro
carro?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Where
is our car?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Os lo traigo</span></u></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">, Sr. </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>I will
bring it to you, sir.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spelling Changes in the 3<sup>rd</sup>
Person Indirect Object<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If the
indirect object pronoun and the direct object pronoun are being utilized in the
third person in the same clause, then the indirect object pronouns le and les
become se. It is important to understand
that the se in this case is NOT a reflexive pronoun, but rather a modified
indirect object pronoun created to break up the difficult phonetics of le lo, le
los, le la, and le las. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here are
some examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Le enviaste el paquete
a tu mamá?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Did you
send the package to your mom?</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sí, se lo envié esta mañana.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>Yes, I sent it to her this
morning.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Entregaste el informe
de tu cliente?</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Did you
turn in your client’s report?<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sí, se lo entregué ya.</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<i>Yes, I already turned it in for
him.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Ud. me muestra la
biblioteca? </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Will you show me the library?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Se la mostraré a
Ud. </span></b><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I will show you it.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Joel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1486115123316772527.post-83781145099018681132012-09-24T22:53:00.005-07:002012-09-24T22:55:44.285-07:00The Subject PronounsHere are the subject pronouns in Spanish. Thanks to Hans for letting me post our lesson today...it will be a great starting point for beginners learning Spanish.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Singular<o:p></o:p></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Plural<o:p></o:p></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>1<sup>st</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">yo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 19px;"><b>nosotros, nosotras</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>2<sup>nd</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">tú<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 19px;"><b>vosotros, vosotras</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>3<sup>rd</sup> Person<o:p></o:p></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 19px;"><b>él, ella, Ud.</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 19px;"><b>ellos, ellas, Uds.</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<br />
Using each subject pronoun in a sentence:<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Yo</u> hablo en una voz alta.</b> <i> I speak in a loud voice.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Tú</u> platicas tanto. </b> <i>You chat so much.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Ella</u> anda buscando amor.</b> <i>She walks around looking for love.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Nosotros</u> podemos jugar. </b><i>We can play.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Vosotros</u> veis la verdad. </b> <i>You see the truth.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>¿Encuentran algo <u>Uds.</u>?</b> <i>Do you find something?</i></div>
<br />
<br />
Let me know if you need any help!<br />
<br />
Sincerely,<br />
<br />
JoelJoel Banaszakhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17253889717470587869noreply@blogger.com0